Air pollution control efficacy and health impacts: A global observational study from 2000 to 2016

Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ?2.5 ?m (PM 2.5 ) concentrations vary between countries similar carbon dioxide (CO 2 emissions, which can be partially explained by differences in air pollution control efficacy. However, no indicator of efficacy has yet been developed. We aimed to develop such an indicator, and evaluate its global temporal distribution association country-level health metrics. A novel ambient population-weighted average PM concentration per unit capita CO emission ( P M / C O ), was developed assess country-specific (abbreviated as APCI). estimated mapped the APCI changes during 2000–2016 across 196 countries. Pearson correlation coefficients Generalized Additive Mixed Model (GAMM) were used relationship varied country inverse economic development. showed almost stable trend globally from 2000 2016, low-income groups increased several (China, India, Bangladesh) decreased. The life expectancy at birth (LE), infant-mortality rate (IMR), under-five year age mortality (U5MR) logarithm GDP (LPGDP) ?0.57, 0.65, 0.66, ?0.59 respectively (all values < 0.001). could explain international variation LE, IMR U5MR. associations IMR, U5MR independent climatic factors. consider a good for given relation important population indicators. Our findings provide new metric interpret inequity globe point climate change • /CO is useful Developed have higher Air predictor health. Global changed minimally 2000–2016. decreased China, Bangladesh.